The Best Fluoride-Free, Non-Toxic Toothpaste

Skip the bright blue, sparkly, fake bubblegum flavored toothpaste and choose gentle and effective natural toothpaste for your kids. Our top 8 non-toxic kids toothpaste picks are all fluoride and SLS free, and don’t contain any concerning ingredients. From babies to toddlers to teens, there’s a safe, non-toxic, fluoride-free toothpaste option for kids of every age!

girl brushing her teeth

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When my kids were babies, I wanted to give them an edge up on good oral hygiene right from the start. That involved wiping their gums with a damp cloth after feeding and giving them a chance to “brush their own teeth” with a silicone baby “toothbrush” teether.

My dad the dentist told me stories of kids coming to his office with rotting teeth that he had to refer to a pediatric oral surgeon. That can be a traumatic experience for any kid – prevention is the best cure when it comes to the oral health of your children.

When To Start Brushing Baby Teeth?

  • Before the first tooth emerges, take either a damp washcloth, a piece of gauze, or a silicone finger brush and gently swipe around the gums after eating and at bedtime. This will help your baby get used to the act of brushing while also removing food particles.
  • Start brushing your baby’s teeth as soon as the first tooth pokes through the gums. Make sure the toothbrush you purchase has extra soft bristles and a small head that you can easily navigate around your child’s mouth.
  • First tooth eruption varies with every baby, but it can happen as early as 3 months or even before, and up to 12 months or later. Visit your dentist if you’re concerned about teeth not coming in by 18 months. All 20 baby teeth will usually come in by 3 years of age. Between 6 and 20 years of age, 32 teeth will come in as permanent teeth.

Best Practices For Babies And Toddlers

  • Avoid baby bottle decay Don’t put your baby to bed with a bottle of juice, milk or formula. These liquids all contain sugar that can coat the teeth and gums, feeding the bacteria that causes tooth decay.
  • Limit juice and other sugary drinks Kids don’t need juice on a regular basis – water is more than okay to sip on throughout the day.
  • Brush After Sugary Medicine I’m not saying to get your kids up in the middle of the night to brush after taking medicine, but children that take long-term sugary medication should brush after they take a dose.

How Much Toothpaste Should Kids Use?

  • Birth to 3 years old: a dollop no larger than a grain of rice. Technically, babies and kids under 2 don’t need toothpaste – the act of brushing itself removes plaque and food particle build-up.
  • Age 3 and older: a pea-sized amount
  • Teens: A thin ribbon of toothpaste across the bristles

Have your kids brush for two minutes twice per day and floss once daily. Monitor children until you feel they have a good handle on how to care for their teeth on their own. My dad the dentist made up a song that he sang while we brushed our teeth, and I also used that song while my own children brushed.

There are apps and songs (BrushDJ, Disney Magic Timer, Brush Teeth With The Wiggles) that will entertain your child for 2 minutes while they brush. I’ve also attached a Youtube video at the end of this post that features 2 adorable British kids teaching other children the proper way to brush.

What’s Wrong With Fluoride?

  • According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), almost 40% of children age 3-6 use too much toothpaste. Since kids at this age are most likely not spitting it all out, the toothpaste, along with the added fluoride, ends up getting accidentally ingested.
  • Ingestion of too much fluoride while teeth are developing can result in dental fluorosis (discoloration and pitting of the enamel).
  • A 2017 study in Mexico found that the offspring of women with a high prenatal fluoride exposure had lower scores on cognitive function tests between the ages of 4 and 12 years old.
  • According to a 2012 review that included 27 studies, children residing in areas of the country with high fluoride drinking water levels had significantly lower IQ scores than those who resided in areas of the country with lower fluoride drinking water levels.
  • High levels of fluoride in pregnant women can cause nervous system damage to the fetus.
  • The National Toxicology Program concluded that higher levels of fluoride exposure, such as drinking water containing more than 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per liter, are associated with lower IQ in children.

As the studies above indicate, there are health issues associated with ingestion of too much fluoride. The best solution is to use a fluoride-free toothpaste for kids.

Just as using natural and non-toxic toothpaste is important for your child’s health, look for kids bath products that are free from harmful ingredients, including non-toxic lotion and natural deodorant for kids.

Hydroxyapatite: A Safe Fluoride Alternative

What Kind Of Hydroxyapatite Do You Recommend For Kids?

Most of the kids toothpaste brands below contain micro hydroxyapatite (Risewell, Happy Tooth and Wellnesse). Micro Ha has a particle size of five to 10 microns. It does not contain nano particles. If your child has strong enamel and has never had a cavity, micro hydroxyapatite is a great choice for their daily toothpaste needs. For children that are prone to cavities and tooth decay, nano hydroxyapatite is more effective at penetrating tooth enamel than micro hydroxyapatite (Fygg).

Do All Of The Toothpaste Brands You Recommend For Kids Contain Hydroxyapatite?

No. All of the baby and toddler toothpaste brands that I recommend do not contain hydroxyapatite, and one of the kid brands (Attitude) does not contain hydroxyapatite.

What is Nano Hydroxyapatite?

Nano hydroxyapatite consists of rod or needle shaped particles with a size ranging from 20 nm to 100 nm. When comparing nano HA to micro HA, nano-HA is more effective at binding to surfaces better, and this enhances remineralization of the teeth while also reducing tooth sensitivity. 

Is Nano Hydroxyapatite Safe?

The European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) has spent the last 8 years systematically reviewing the research on nano-HA. The SCCS is an independent panel made up of experts in the field of toxicology, as well as pathology, biochemistry, chemistry and physics. They oversee the safety of cosmetics and consumer goods and investigate whether chemicals and ingredients pose safety risks.

Their final opinion after 8 years of research on nano-HA is that it is safe when used at concentrations up to 10% in toothpaste, and up to 0.465% in mouthwash. Nano-HA must be composed of rod-shaped particles of which at least 95.8% (in particle number) have an aspect ratio less than 3, and the remaining 4.2% have an aspect ratio not exceeding 4.9. Also, the particles cannot be coated or surface modified.

There is one lab in Portugal, Fluidinova, that synthesizes nano-hydroxyapatite in the proper formation that the SCCS endorses. Nano-HA made by Fluidinova is used in the products I recommend.

Ingredients To Avoid In Toothpaste

  • Triclosan– Triclosan is an antibacterial agent that’s linked to bacterial resistance and endocrine disruption.
  • Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)– this is associated with canker sores and perioral dermatitis (my daughter is susceptible to this hard-to-eradicate rash around the mouth).
  • Artificial colors– Who needs blue toothpaste if it’s linked to hyperactivity in kids?
  • Parabens– These preservatives prevent the growth of bacteria, but they disrupt hormone function and were able to stimulate breast cancer cell growth in a lab study.
  • Propylene glycol– Propylene glycol is used to make personal care products thicker and better able to transport moisture to the skin. The manufacturing process introduces impurities and by-products, such as ethylene oxides and 1,4-dioxane, which are known carcinogenic materials (8).
  • Strong Antibacterial Essential Oils– According to Dr. Mark Burhenne, while essential oils may work to kill off some of your “bad” oral bacteria, strong essential oils may also kill off some of the beneficial bacteria in your mouth, disrupting your oral microbiome.

Non-Toxic Fluoride-Free Toothpaste For Babies And Toddlers

toddler and baby toothpaste

Attitude kids Fluoride-Free Training Toothpaste

  • Age: For children 3 years and younger
  • Features: Fluoride free, SLS free, EWG Verified
  • From the Attitude website: This 100% vegan and EWG Verified® formula contains 98.8% naturally derived ingredients* including papaya leaf extract for a feeling of freshness. With its gel texture and delicious strawberry flavor, it will quickly become an essential part of your child’s dental hygiene routine.
  • Flavor: Strawberry
  • Attitude Kids Training Toothpaste Ingredients: Aqua / Water / Eau, Sorbitol, Glycerin, Hydrated Silica, Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate, Xanthan Gum, Citric Acid, Sodium Chloride, Rebaudioside A, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Sorbate, Carica Papaya (Papaya) Leaf Extract, Camellia Sinensis (Tea) Leaf Extract, Alpha-Ionone*, Butyl Isovalerate*, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride*, Ethyl Butyrate*, Gamma-Decalactone*, *Flavour (Aroma).
  • Shop: Attitude kids Fluoride-Free Training Toothpaste

Jack N’ Jill Natural Kids Toothpaste

  • Age: Suitable from 6 months
  • Features: Fluoride Free, SLS Free, Dairy Free, Gluten-free Vegan, Certified Cruelty-free
  • From the Jack N’ Jill website: This toddler toothpaste is my top pick! It’s toxin-free, gluten-free, fluoride free and SLS-free & is suitable from 6 months and safe if swallowed. Jack N’ Jill Natural Kids Toothpaste is available in yummy flavors to make tooth brushing fun for kids, with a delicious Certified Organic fruity flavoring. Natural ingredients such as Xylitol and Calendula help to soothe gums and fight tooth decay. It is a gel formula and doesn’t foam. Made in Australia.
  • Flavors: Berries & Cream, Bubblegum, Milkshake, Strawberry, Banana, Raspberry, Blueberry, Blackcurrant, Flavor Free
  • Jack N’ Jill Natural Kids Toothpaste ingredients: Xylitol, Purified Water, Vegetable Glycerin (Coconut derived), Silica, Xanthan Gum, Potassium Sorbate (Naturally derived), Citric Acid
  • Shop: Jack N’ Jill Natural Kids Toothpaste

Attitude Kids Fluoride-Free Toothpaste

  • Age: Children under 6 years of age should use only a pea-sized amount and be supervised to brush properly and to not swallow. Consult a dentist or health care professional before using with children under 2 years of age.
  • Features: Fluoride free, SLS free, EWG Verified
  • From the Attitude website: Specially formulated for kids, this vegan fluoride-free toothpaste makes brushing fun and effective. It’s EWG Verified® and contains 98.8% naturally sourced ingredients* including papaya leaves extract, a toning agent that leaves a feeling of freshness.
  • Flavors: Coconut Mint & Mango
  • Attitude Kids Toothpaste ingredients: Hydrated Silica, Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate, Xanthan Gum, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil, Citric Acid, Sodium Chloride, Rebaudioside A, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Sorbate, Carica Papaya (Papaya) Leaves Extract, Camellia Sinensis (Tea) Leaves Extract, Ethyl Acetate*, Ethyl Hexanoate*, Gamma-Nonalactone*, Gamma-Octalactone*, Vanillin*, *Flavour (Aroma)
  • Shop: Attitude kids Fluoride-Free Toothpaste

Risewell Kids Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste
Flavor: Birthday Cake
Cavity Fighting Ingredient: micro hydroxyapatite
From the Risewell website: RiseWell Kids Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste for kids is packed with hydroxyapatite, which is a naturally-occurring mineral that strengthens teeth. Daily usage will leave your kid’s teeth visibly whiter, healthier, and stronger. It’s safe enough to eat and tastes like vanilla cake batter!
Risewell Kids Toothpaste ingredients: Silica, Sorbitol, Glycerin, Xylitol, Hydroxyapatite, Calcium Carbonate, Propanediol, Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract, Potassium Cocoate, Stevia Rebaudiana Extract, Erythritol, Echinacea Purpurea Extract, Cellulose Gum, Gluconate, Xanthan Gum
Shop: Risewell Kids Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste

Happy Tooth Kids Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste
Flavor: Vanilla Frosting
Cavity Fighting Ingredient: micro hydroxyapatite
From the Happy Tooth  website: A tasty toothpaste for whiter, stronger, and healthier teeth for kids (and adults!). Made with 10% micro-hydroxyapatite (HA) & natural ingredients – no fillers ever.
Happy Kids Toothpaste Ingredients: Water, Sorbitol, Glycerin, Hydrated Silica, Xylitol, Calcium Hydroxyapatite, Calcium Carbonate, Propanediol, Natural Vanilla Extract, Potassium Cocoate, Xantham Gum, Cellulose Gum, Erythritol, Sodium Gluconate, Stevia Reb A Extract
Shop: Happy Tooth Kids Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste

Fygg Kids Toothpaste
Flavors: Vanilla Vibes, Chocolate Swirl
Cavity Fighting Ingredient: nano hydroxyapatite (SCCS approved)
From the Fygg website: No burn, no foam, no fluoride. This is what toothpaste should be.This kid-friendly formula tastes like vanilla cake frosting, but without the cavity concerns. Clinically as effective as fluoride, without harming your child’s developing brain. Formulated with our unique blend of both nano-Hydroxyapatite and micro-Hydroxyapatite for optimal cavity-fighting action. Formulated without essential oils, detergents, or glycerin to nourish the oral microbiome.
Ingredients: Aqua/Water, Xylitol, nano-Hydroxyapatite, Hydrated Silica, Bentonite Clay, Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract (Vanilla) Extract, Potassium Sorbate, Siraitia grosvenorii (Monk Fruit) Extract, Gluconolactone, L-Arginine, micro-Hydroxyapatite, Polydextrose (Litesse) Powder
Shop: Fygg Kids Toothpaste

Fluoride-Free Toothpaste For Teens

My kids are now teens, and it goes without saying that bad breath is not acceptable in any peer group. Your teen may be veering away from the kid-friendly flavors like birthday cake and wanting more minty fresh breath, so Risewell Natural Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste is the best breath-freshening option that I recommend. You’ll still get enamel-fortifying benefits by using Hydroxyapatite toothpaste without the fluoride.

I have a post covering how to get rid of bad breath naturally if this is an ongoing issue for your teen. Otherwise, brushing twice a day, flossing, tongue scraping  and the occasional rinse with natural mouthwash should work. Poor diet, including too much sugar, is another cause of bad breath. Read more about natural mouthwash here.

Risewell Natural Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste
Flavor: Wild Mint
Cavity Fighting Ingredient: micro hydroxyapatite
From the Risewell website: Wild mint flavored. Fluoride-free, paraben-free, vegan & cruelty-free, No harsh foaming agents; SLS & sulfate-free. RiseWell strengthens and restores your tooth enamel, Antiplaque & naturally whitening. Naturally flavored with beneficial essential oils, Safe enough to eat! When used twice daily, one 4 oz. tube lasts about 3 months.
Ingredients: Silica, Sorbitol, Glycerin, Xylitol, Hydroxyapatite, Calcium Carbonate, Propanediol, Potassium Cocoate, Stevia Rebaudiana Extract, Mentha Arvensis (Wild Mint) Oil, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil, Cinnamomum Cassia (Cinnamon) Bark Extract, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil, Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil, Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil, Cellulose Gum, Sodium Gluconate, Menthol, Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract, Erythritol, Xanthan Gum, Eucalyptus Globulus Extract, Illicium Verum (Anise) Extract
Shop: Risewell Natural Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste

Happy Tooth Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste
Flavor: Mint
Cavity Fighting Ingredient: micro hydroxyapatite
From the Happy Tooth  website: A tasty toothpaste for whiter, stronger, and healthier teeth for kids (and adults!). Made with 10% micro-hydroxyapatite (HA) & natural ingredients – no fillers ever.
Happy Kids Toothpaste Ingredients: Water, Sorbitol, Glycerin, Hydrated Silica, Xylitol, Calcium Hydroxyapatite, Calcium Carbonate, Propanediol, Natural Vanilla Extract, Potassium Cocoate, Xantham Gum, Cellulose Gum, Erythritol, Sodium Gluconate, Stevia Reb A Extract
Shop: Happy Tooth Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste 

Wellnesse Toothpaste
Flavor: Fresh Mint
Cavity Fighting Ingredient: micro hydroxyapatite
From the Wellnesse website: Glycerin-free, Fluoride-Free, SLS free and Going Strong. Instead of fluoride, our formula contains green tea leaf extract, which is loaded with antioxidants. Plus, a phytochemical in green tea is shown to fight bacteria that leads to tooth decay. We combined this phytochemical with hydroxyapatite (a naturally-occurring mineral and main component of tooth enamel) to strengthen teeth and prevent cavities. Did we mention our toothpaste is Glycerin-Free?
Wellnesse Toothpaste ingredients: Calcium Carbonate, Sorbitol, Water, Sodium Bicarbonate, Xylitol, Silica, Hydroxyapatite, Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Flavor, Xanthan Gum, Stevia Rebaudiana Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Melia Azadirachta (Neem) Seed Oil, Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract
Shop: Wellnesse Toothpaste

Fygg Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste
Flavors: Mild Mint, Coconut Cream
Cavity Fighting Ingredient: nano hydroxyapatite (SCCS approved)
From the Fygg website: No burn, no foam, no fluoride. This is what toothpaste should be.This kid-friendly formula tastes like vanilla cake frosting, but without the cavity concerns. Clinically as effective as fluoride, without harming your child’s developing brain. Formulated with our unique blend of both nano-Hydroxyapatite and micro-Hydroxyapatite for optimal cavity-fighting action. Formulated without essential oils, detergents, or glycerin to nourish the oral microbiome.
Ingredients: Aqua (Hydration), Xylitol (Sweetener), Hydrated Silica (Thickening), Bentonite (Viscosity Control), Hydroxyapatite (Remineralization), Polydextrose (Prebiotic), L-Arginine (Oral Microbiome Support), Monk Fruit Extract (Sweetener), Potassium Sorbate (Preservative), Potassium Chloride (Sensitivity), Gluconolactone (pH Adjuster), Limonene (Flavor), Green Tea (Flavor)
Shop: Fygg Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste

Natural Toothbrushes For Babies & Toddlers

baby and toddler toothbrushes

Haakaa Training Toothbrush Set
This set includes three different brushes for your baby’s teeth as they grow (Silicone Finger Brush – Stage 1, Contoured Silicone Toothbrush – Stage 2, & 360° Silicone Toothbrush – Stage 3), as well as a cotton flannel and a handy storage case to keep everything in. Suitable for babies and toddlers from 0-36 months.

Haakaa Silicone Baby 360 Toothbrush
Made from soft, flexible 100% silicone, these sturdy bristles are chewable, providing comfort and easing sore gums during teething.

Radius Totz Toothbrush
This BPA free, latex free and phthalate free kids’ toothbrush has a non-slip handle.

Wild & Stone Baby Bamboo Toothbrushes
This toothbrush set is made of MOSO bamboo, toxin-free paint and DuPont nylon bristles. The vegan friendly BPA free nylon bristles we are using are the best available option right now and these bristles tend to be softer than their plastic counterparts.

Natural Oral Care For Kids & Teens

oral care for kids and teens

Radius Kidz Toothbrush
Pillow-soft, bio-based bristles gently remove plaque and tartar. Slim neck to reach tight spaces for a deeper clean, and reversible right-& left-hand non-slip grip for better brushing. Non-toxic, BPA, Lead, Phthalate free.

Cocobrush Toothbrushes
These toothbrushes are 16x more effective at cleaning between teeth than a standard toothbrush. Its 1,000s of crazy-soft, tiered, micro-bristles sweep away stinky, cavity-causing plaque for a sparkling smile. They Feature 75% finer bristle tips and a small-size, angled brush-head to gently clean under the sensitive gumline, where germs hide. Free of BPA, parabens, SLS, and PFAS. Leaping Bunny–certified cruelty-free.

Wild & Stone Children’s Bamboo Toothbrushes
MOSO bamboo, toxin-free paint and DuPont nylon bristles. The vegan friendly BPA free nylon bristles we are using are the best available option right now and these bristles tend to be softer than their plastic counterparts.

The Humble Co. Ultra Soft Bamboo Toothbrushes
These toothbrushes feature a tapered handle and ultra-soft bristles that work well for small mouths. These toothbrushes feature bpa-free nylon bristles and a bamboo handle.

The Humble Co. Floss Picks For Kids
These tooth floss picks, designed in a playful and charming dinosaur shape, promote the development of strong dental habits in children, making kids flossing an enjoyable and effective experience for maintaining healthy gums and healthy, happy teeth. They contain no PFAS, PTFE or BPA. For older kids, try The Humble Co. Natural Dental Floss Picks.

drTungs Smart Floss
BPA free, PTFE & PFAS Free Floss, Gentle on Gums, Expands & Stretches with a Cardamom Flavor.

Slate Orthodontic Electric Flosser
This PFAS-free 3-in-1 flosser not only cleans your brackets and teeth, but also massages your gums & cleans your tongue. The floss heads can be used for a week or more. Just use, rinse & let air dry. The floss is free of wax, teflon, PFA & PTFAs.

Stainless Steel Tongue Scraper
A stainless steel tongue scraper is one of the best remedies for bad breath available. Clean your tongue in seconds with this high quality, stainless steel tongue cleaner.

Wellnesse Balanced Mouth Blend Mouthwash
Some teens need a breath refresh. This is not something I would recommend for daily use, but once in a while it may be needed. Put a few drops on a toothbrush and brush as usual, put a drop or 2 on your tongue, or put a few drops in a small amount of water and swish around your mouth.

Kids Books About Visiting The Dentist

kids dental books

Daniel Goes To The Dentist
Daniel Tiger is a little nervous about visiting the dentist, Dr. Plat. Mom Tiger explains that when you do something new, like going to the dentist, you should talk about what’s going to happen, and Dr. Plat does just that! During his checkup, as Daniel gets his teeth brushed, checked, and polished, Dr. Plat explains what she’s doing each step of the way so Daniel feels more comfortable. By Alexandra Cassel Schwartz (Adapter), Jason Fruchter (Illustrator)

Just Going To The Dentist
Mercer Mayer’s Little Critter is having a checkup at the dentist in this classic, funny, and heartwarming book. Whether he’s having an X-ray taken, getting a teeth cleaning, or finding a cavity, both parents and children alike will relate to this beloved story. By Mercer Mayer (Author, Illustrator)

Open Wide: Tooth School Inside
It’s time for tooth school and Dr. Flossman is excited to meet the incoming class of 32–eight incisors, four canines, eight premolars, and twelve molars, including the four wisdom teeth. There’s just so much to learn–from brushing and flossing to dentin and pulp to every student’s nightmare: tooth decay!  By Laurie Keller (Author, Illustrator)

Doctor De Soto
Since he’s a mouse, Doctor De Soto refuses to treat “dangerous” animals–that is, animals who have a taste for mice. But one day a fox shows up and begs for relief from the tooth that’s killing him. How can the kindhearted De Sotos turn him away? By William Steig (Author, Illustrator)

Dragon’s Breath
Learning proper dental care is really important for a little boy and his friend Dragon Joe. This book teaches the importance of brushing teeth in a cute and fun way. By Michael Gordon (Author)

How To Brush Your Teeth

More Natural Dental Inspiration

References

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  2. Bashash, M., Thomas, D. et al. 2017. Prenatal Fluoride Exposure and Cognitive Outcomes in Children at 4 and 6–12 Years of Age in Mexico. Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 125, No. 9.
  3. Choi, A. et al. Developmental Fluoride Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2012. Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 120, No. 10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491930/
  4. Green R, Lanphear B, Hornung R, et al. Association Between Maternal Fluoride Exposure During Pregnancy and IQ Scores in Offspring in Canada [published online ahead of print, 2019 Aug 19]. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(10):940-948. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1729.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6704756/
  5. Meyer F, Amaechi BT, Fabritius HO, Enax J. Overview of Calcium Phosphates used in Biomimetic Oral Care. Open Dent J. 2018;12:406-423. Published 2018 May 31. doi:10.2174/1874210601812010406
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5997847/?_ga=2.27426748.1073827304.1599421251-2018910469.1599421251
  6. Ramis, J., Coelho, C., Cordoba, A., Quadros, P., and M. Monjo. Safety Assessment of Nano-Hydroxyapatite as an Oral Care Ingredient according to the EU Cosmetics Regulation. Cosmetics 2018, 5, 53; doi:10.3390/cosmetics5030053.
    https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/20a0/6a41dfadbf8097bf9878a6ed76e7b7592815.pdf
  7. Amaechi BT, AbdulAzees PA, Alshareif DO, et al. Comparative efficacy of a hydroxyapatite and a fluoride toothpaste for prevention and remineralization of dental caries in children. BDJ Open. 2019;5:18. Published 2019 Dec 9. doi:10.1038/s41405-019-0026-8
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6901576/
  8. Lim, T.Y. et al. Propylene Glycol Toxicity in Children. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Oct-Dec; 19(4): 277–282.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4341412/

girl brushing her teeth